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Alonso de Illescas
Alonso de Illescas (fl. 1528–1590s) was an African Maroon (fugitive slave) leader and was perceived as the single most powerful person in the Esmeraldas region of colonial northwestern Ecuador in the sixteenth century. According to historian Charles Beatty-Medina, Illescas was a typical "Atlantic Creole.".〔''The Human Tradition in the Black Atlantic, 1500-2000'', ed. Beatriz G. Mamigonian and Karen Racine (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), 9.〕
== Early life and time in Spain ==
Alonso de Illescas was born around 1528 and raised off the coast of western Africa on either the Cape Verde Islands or the island of Tenerife, a Spanish possession since the 15th century.〔''Afro-Latino Voices: Narratives from the Early Modern Ibero-Atlantic World, 1550-1812'', ed. Kathryn Joy McKnight and Leo J. Garofalo (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing Company, 2009), 32.〕 As a child he was given the name of Enrique; however, he was later confirmed with the name he commonly used, which was also the name of his owner.〔''The Human Tradition in the Black Atlantic, 1500-2000'', ed. Beatriz G. Mamigonian and Karen Racine (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), 10.〕 The location of his homeland made it ideal as a slave-trading post, and between the ages of eight and ten years old he was taken to Seville, Spain where he served as a slave to one of the city’s richest and most prominent merchant families, the Illescas. It was during this time he learned the Spanish language, religion, culture, and traditions. More specifically, he learned the Spanish style of formal address, how to play the ''vihuela'' (Spanish guitar), and became versed in Catholic prayers and learned the sacraments.〔''The Human Tradition in the Black Atlantic, 1500-2000'', ed. Beatriz G. Mamigonian and Karen Racine (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), 11.〕 He lived in Seville for seventeen years before he was sent to the Caribbean to assist his owners. He first spent time on the island of Santo Domingo where his owners established a merchant enterprise which included clothing, cured meats, swords, horses, olive oil, wine, and the selling of Africans.〔''The Human Tradition in the Black Atlantic, 1500-2000'', ed. Beatriz G. Mamigonian and Karen Racine (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), 13.〕
In contrast to the lives of other Africans who were brought to the Americas as slaves, Illescas more than likely never worked on a sugar plantation or in a rice field.〔 Instead, he was a trusted personal servant expected to perform many duties for his owners and probably served as elder Illescas' personal servant during his youth in Seville.〔 From the Indies he traveled to Panama and then to Peru, the silver-producing capital of the early Spanish Empire. Records indicate that he and Alvaro, one of his owners, were active in Peru by 1551.〔 In 1553, he along with twenty-three "Guinea slaves" departed the port of Panama on the southbound journey to Lima, Peru. The journey proved to be typical in that the ship's pilot had to contend with north and westerly Pacific Ocean currents and therefore decided to seek harbor in San Mateo Bay on the Esmeraldas coast. In spite of this, the ship ran aground inside the bay and stranded the crew, passengers, and slaves onshore. They were forced to travel along ragged shorelines to reach the nearest settlement, Puerto Viejo. In the course of the journey, Illescas and the other slaves decided to seize the moment to head into dense forest and claim their freedom. It is interesting to note none of the crew or passengers ever reached Puerto Viejo.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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